Aircraft Design

Designing an

Another important factor that influences the design of the aircraft are the regulations put forth by national aviation airworthiness authorities.Airports may also impose limits on aircraft, for instance, the maximum wingspan allowed for a conventional aircraft is 80 m to prevent collisions between aircraft while taxiing(The movement of Aircraft on the ground in readiness for takeoff or the landing)

Before designing an Aircraft we should be clear about its use i.e will it be a military purpose aircraft or a commercial one. We should be clear about our financial market and investment before designing a aircraft.

Safety equipments to be installed, number of passengers which can travel in that aircraft should be clear enogh before we design an aircraft.

Now the major aspects of an Aircraft while designing them are :- 

Aerodynamics

Propulsion 

Mass

Structure    

Aerodynamics

  Aerodynamics deals with the design of the body and the wings. The geometry of wings should be such that they causes lift force more without consuming more fuel.

 

Propulsion

Propulsion basically deals with the maximum and minimum thrust that an aircraft can give without much consumption of fuel.Engines geometry and its mass is also a major issue which is to be focused .

Weight  

The weight of the aircraft is the common factor that links all aspects of aircraft design such as aerodynamics, structure, propulsion together. An aircraft's weight is derived from various factors such as empty weight, payload, useful load, etc. The various weights are used to then calculate the center of mass of the entire aircraft.The center of mass must fit within the established limits set by the manufacturer.

 

Structure

The aircraft structure focuses not only on strength, stiffness, durability (fatigue), fracture toughness, stability, but also on fail-safety, corrosion resistance, maintainability and ease of manufacturing. The structure must be able to withstand the stresses caused by cabin pressurization, if fitted, turbulence and engine or rotor vibrations.